Chapter 1 Environment

NCERT CLASS 7^TH GEOGRAPHY  OUR ENVIRONMENT

1. In the first quarter of

seventeenth century, in

which of the following

was/were the

factory/factories of the

English East India Company

located?

1. Broach
2. Chicacole
3. Trichinopoly

Select the correct answer

using the code given below.

 (a)1 only

 (b) 1 and 2

 (c) 3 only

 (d) 2 and 3

2. With reference to

Madanapalle of Andhra

Pradesh, which one of the

following statements is

correct?

 (a) Pingali Venkayya
designed the tricolour Indian
National Flag here.

 (b) Pattabhi Sitaramaiah led
the Quit India Movement of Andhra region from here.

 (c) Rabindranath Tagore
translated the National
Anthem from Bengali to
English here.

 (d) Madame Blavatsky and
Colonel Olcott set up
headquarters of
Theosophical Society first
here.

3. Consider the following statements :

1. The Montagu-Chelmsford

Reforms of 1919

recommended granting

voting rights to all the

women above the age of 21.

2. The Government of India

Act of 1935 gave women

reserved seats in legislature.

Which of the statements

given above is/are correct?

 (a) 1 only

 (b) 2 only

 (c) Both 1 and 2

 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

4. With reference to 8th

August, 1942 in Indian

history, which one of the

following statements is

correct?

 (a) The Quit India Resolution
was adopted by the AICC.

 (b) The Viceroy’s Executive
Council was expanded to
include more Indians.

 (c) The Congress ministries
resigned in seven provinces.

 (d) Cripps proposed an
Indian Union with full
Dominion Status once the
Second World War was over.

5. Who among the following is

associated with ‘Song from

Prison’, a translation of

ancient Indian religious lyrics

in English?

 (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

 (b) Jawaharlal Nehru

 (c) Mohandas Karamchand
Gandhi

 (d) Sarojini Naidu

6. Who among the following

was associated as Secretary

with Hindu Female School

which later came to be

known as Bethune Female

School?

 (a) Annie Besant

 (b) Debendranath Tagore

 (c) Ishwar Chandra
Vidyasagar

 (d) Sarojini Naidu

7.

In the context of Colonial

India, Shah Nawaz Khan,

Prem Kumar Sehgal and

Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon are

remembered as

 (a) leaders of Swadeshi and
Boycott Movement

 (b) members of the Interim
Government in 1946

 (c) members of the Drafting
Committee in the
Constituent Assembly

 (d) officers of the Indian
National Army

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Question 1 of 7

SUMMARY

Ch.1 Environment

Components of Environment

Natural and human made 

• Natural (land {lithosphere}, Air {atmosphere}, water{hydrosphere} living things {Biosphere})
• human made  (Building , parks )
• the place, people, things and nature that surround any living organism is called environment.
• environment is a combination of natural and human made phenomena. While the natural environment refers to both biotic and abiotic conditions existing on the earth, human environment reveals the activities, creations and interactions among human beings.
• Biotic The world of living organisms. e.g. plants and animals.
• Abiotic The world of non-living elements. e.g. land.

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

• Land, water, air, plants and animals comprise the natural environment.
• Lithosphere is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc.
• The surface of the earth is a complex zone in which three main components of the environment meet, overlap and interact. The solid portion of the earth on which we live is called the Lithosphere
• Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth.
• Lithosphere is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil.
• Lithosphere is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc.
• Landforms are found over the continents and also on the ocean floors.
• Lithosphere is the domain that provides us forests, grasslands for grazing, land for agriculture and human settlements.
• Lithosphere is  a source of mineral wealth.
• The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the Lithospheric plates

hydrosphere

• The domain of water is referred to as hydrosphere.
• Water covers a very big area of the earth’s surface and this area is called the Hydrosphere
• Hydrosphere comprises various sources of water and different types of water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc.
• hydrosphere is essential for all living organisms.
• The level of seawater remains the same everywhere. Elevation of land is measured from the level of the sea, which is taken as zero.

atmosphere.

• Atmosphere is a mixture of different gases and it envelopes the earth all round.
• The atmosphere is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth.
• Atmosphere helps human  scorching heat of the sun.
• The air is an integral part of the earth’s mass and 99 per cent of the total mass of the atmosphere is confined to the height of 32 km from the earth’s surface.
• The atmosphere is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth.
• The gravitational force of the earth holds the atmosphere around it.
• Atmosphere protects us from the harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun.
• Atmosphere consists of a number of gases, dust and water vapour.
• The changes in the atmosphere produce changes in the weather and climate.
• The proportion of gases changes in the higher layers of the atmosphere in such a way that oxygen will be almost in negligible quantity at the height of 120 km.
• Ozone is another important component of the atmosphere found between 10 and 50 km above the earth’s surface and acts as a filter and absorbs the ultra-violet rays radiating from the sun and prevents them from reaching the surface of the earth.
• Atmosphere has a sufficient capacity to keep small solid particles, which may originate from different sources and include sea salts, fine soil, smoke-soot, ash, pollen, dust and disintegrated particles of meteors

Permanent Gases of the Atmosphere

biosphere.

.

• The Biosphere is the narrow zone where we find land, water and air together, which contains all forms of life.
• In our biosphere immense diversity (or heterogeneity) exists not only at the species level but at all levels of biological organisation ranging from macromolecules within cells to biomes.
• In India, ecologically unique and biodiversity-rich regions are legally protected as biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries.

Biosphere Reserves in India

• There are 18 biosphere reserves in India:
  • Panna, Madhya Pradesh
  • Dehang-Debang, Arunachal Pradesh
  • Manas, Assam
  • Dibru-Saikhowa, Assam
  • Nokrek, Meghalaya
  • Similipal, Odisha
  • Nanda Devi, Uttrakhand
  • Khangchendzonga, Sikkim
  • Sundarban, West Bengal
  • Seshachalam, Andhra Pradesh
  • Agasthyamala, Karnataka-Tamil Nadu-Kerala
  • Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu-Kerala (First to be Included)
  • Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu
  • Great Nicobar, Andaman & Nicobar Island
  • Cold Desert, Himachal Pradesh
  • Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh
  • Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh
  • Kachchh, Gujarat (Largest Area)
  •  

Ecosystem:

 It is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live, all linked by transfer of energy and material.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?

(a) Desert (b) Aquarium (c) Forest

(ii) Which is not a component of human environment?

(a) Land (b) Religion (c) Community

(iii) Which is a human made environment?

(a) Mountain (b) Sea (c) Road

(iv) Which is a threat to environment?

(a) Growing plant

(b) Growing population

(c) Growing crops

3. Match the following.

(i) Biosphere                       (a) blanket of air which surrounds the earth (2)

(ii) Atmosphere                   (b) domain of water (3)

(iii) Hydrosphere                 (c) gravitational force of the earth (4)

(iv) Environment                 (d) our surroundings (1)

                                           (e) narrow zone where land water and air interact  

                                           (f) relation between the organisms and their surroundings