Chapter  8   Peasants, Zamindars and the State Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (c. sixteenth- seventeenth centuries)

1. Match the following

Choose the correct answer

2. Take a look at the following remark on the
Agrarian Society in  the Mughal Empire.

1. Cotton and sugarcane were jins-i kamil (perfect crops),
   but cash crops were hard to come by.
2. New crops such as maize (makka) arrived in India via
   Africa and Spain in the seventeenth century.
3. New fruits — During the Mughal era, new fruits such
   as pineapple and papaya arrived in India.
4. The steady expansion of agriculture was due to three
   factors: the amount of land, available labour, and the movement of
   peasants.

Choose the correct answer

3. Consider the following comment on women in
agricultural production during Mughal rule.

1. The men tilled the ground and ploughed it, while
   the women sowed, weeded, and threshed the crop.
2. Zamindari rights were inherited by Muslim women
   solely, and they were free to sell or mortgage them.
3. The ladies were in charge of key activities like
   spinning yarn.

Choose the correct answer

4. Consider the following statement.

1. The Mughal’s political stability aided in the
   establishment of a strong trading relationship with China.
2. The Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire had an
   excellent relationship when it came to monetary dealings.

Choose the correct answer.

5. In light of the Mughal fiscal system, consider
the following remark.

1. The empire’s fiscal system was under the direct
   authority of the prince of the empire.
2. Before determining the amount of taxes to be levied
   on people, information on agricultural areas and their productivity
   was gathered.
3. The Mughal Empire’s economic backbone was
   land revenue.

Choose the correct answer.

6. In light of the Mughal fiscal system,
consider the following remark.

1. When assessing land revenue, state officials
   attempted to maximise the amount of money that might be claimed.
2. Under Akbar, lands were classified and a different
   land revenue was set to be paid by each.
3. Cultivators could pay in cash or in kind.

Choose the incorrect option.

7. Take a look at the lives of forest-dwellers
during the 16th and 17th centuries.

1. People who live in the forest practice
   shifting farming.
2. Elephants were trafficked and sold.
3. The growth of commercial agriculture was
   influenced by the lives of forest dwellers.

Choose the correct answer

8. Consider the following sentence in the context
of Mughal India’s zamindars.

1. The zamindars were responsible for collecting revenue
   from the assigned land and transferring it to the next zamindar
   after moving to a new place.
2. The zamindars held a position of power in society.
3. The zamindars were compensated financially for their
   efforts.
4. The zamindar’s authority is confined to land income
   collection.

Select the correct response.

9. Consider the following sentence in the context
of Mughal India’s zamindars.

1. They aided farmers in their settlements by
   lending them money and agricultural equipment.
2. Although the zamindars exploited the peasants,
   their relationships with the farmers were based on mutual
   cooperation and a hereditary component based on age.
3. They were able to recruit peasants in the event
   of a state-sponsored insurrection.
4. the social relations of a Mughal hamlet as a pyramid,
   zamindars would be at the top.

Choose the appropriate response.

10. Take a look at the following sentences that
mention  rural society under Mughal society .

1. Involvement of all classes in the local
   panchayat on an equal footing.
2. Muqaddam, also known as mandal, was the
   leader of the village panchayat.
3. The village panchayat was made up of a
   group of elders.

Choose the correct answer.

11. Take a look at the sentences below that reference rural
society in the context of Mughal society.

1. Muqaddam was chosen by the zamindar for the
   village panchayat.
2. The local panchayat was in charge of collecting
   fines and taxes.
3. In the village, each Jati had its own
   Jati panchayat.

Choose the correct answer.

12. Take a look at the following statement.

1. During their reigns, both Akbar and Aurangzeb
introduced silver coins.

2. The Ain-i Akbari was the climax of Abu’l Fazl’s massive
historical and administrative categorization effort, which
he undertook at the Emperor’s request.

Select the incorrect response.

13. Match the following

Terms which were used during akbar resign.

Choose the correct answer

14. Take a look at the following statement on Ain-i Akbari.

1. The administration is described in the first three volumes.

2. Manzil-abadi, the first book, is about the imperial
home and its upkeep.

3. The military and civil administration, as well as the
establishment of servants, are covered in the second book, sipah-abadi.

Select the incorrect response.