Chapter 3 Salient Features of the Constitution

1. Think about the following statement about India’s
Constitution:

1. Written constitutions, such as the British
   Constitution, are distinguished from unwritten constitutions,
   such as the American Constitution.
2. India’s Constitution is the longest of all the
   world’s written constitutions.
3. The Constitution is a lengthy, complex, and
   thorough text.

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2. Think about the following statement:

1. The Constitution includes not only fundamental governing
   concepts, but also detailed administrative provisions.
2. The Constitution’s philosophical foundations are mostly
   derived from the Government of India Act of 1935.
3. The Constitution’s structural elements are influenced by
   the American and Irish constitutions.
4. The political section of the Constitution is heavily
   influenced by the British Constitution.

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3. Take a look at the following statement.

1. There are two types of constitutions: rigid and flexible.
2. A rigid Constitution necessitates a unique method for
   amending it.
3. A flexible constitution can be changed in the same way
   that regular legislation can be changed.
4. The US Constitution is rigid, whereas the British
   Constitution is flexible.

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4. Take a look at the following statement about
Indian government.

1. There is no federal or unitary bias in
   the Indian government.
2. Like China, a unitary type of government
   has a strong centre.
3. Like China, the federal form of governance
   features a dual government.

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5. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The term “federation” appears in the
   Indian Constitution.
2. The Indian Federation is not the result
   of a state-to-state agreement.
3. In India, no state has the authority to
   secede from the federation.

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6. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The Westminster Model of Government is another
   name for the parliamentary system.
2. In parliamentary system, the executive has a
   collective responsibility to the legislature.

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7. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The British Parliament is associated with
   the notion of Parliamentary Sovereignty.
2. The principle of Indian judicial supremacy is
   associated to the Supreme Court of the United States.

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8. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The Indian parliamentary system differs from
   that of the United Kingdom.
2. The Supreme Court of India has a narrower judicial
   review power than the United States.

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9. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The Indian Constitution established an integrated
   and independent judicial system.
2. In the United States, federal laws are upheld by
   the federal judiciary, whereas state laws are upheld by state
   courts.
3. The Supreme Court (India) is the highest court in
   the country’s integrated legal system.
4. The 44th Amendment to India’s Constitution added
   a provision that exempts the Prime Minister’s election from
   judicial review.

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10. consider the statement

1. Right to Equality (Articles 14–18).
2. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 19–22).
3. Right to Freedom (Articles 25–28).

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11. Think about the following statement:
IN REGARD TO Fundamental RIGHTS.

1. The purpose of fundamental rights is to
   promote the idea of democratic democracy.
2. They are naturally justiciable.
3. They are legally enforceable if they
   are broken.
4. Fundamental Rights are not absolute
   and isn’t a reasonable limitation.

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12. Think about the following statement: State Policy
Directive Principles.

1. The Directive Principles of State Policy, according
   to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, is a “new feature” of the Indian Constitution.
2. They can be divided into three basic categories:
   socialist, Gandhian, and intellectual liberal.
3. The purpose of Directive Principles is to promote
   the ideal of social and economic democracy.

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13. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The citizens’ Fundamental Duties were not included
   in the original constitution.
2. The Swaran Singh Committee recommended that
   Fundamental Duties be added in the
3. Fundamental duties are outlined in India’s
   constitution, is essential to the country’s governance.

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14. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 added
   the term “secular” to the Indian Constitution’s Preamble.
2. The Preamble guarantees all Indian people the freedom
   of belief, faith, and worship.

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15. Take a look at the following statement.

1. (Article 14) No one shall be denied equality before the
   law or equal protection under the law by the state.
2. (Article 16).The state shall not discriminate on the
   basis of religion against any citizen.
3. Equality of opportunity in public employment for all
   people (Article 15).
4. Everyone has the same right to religious freedom and
   the freedom to profess, practise, and propagate any religion
   (Article 25).

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16. Take a look at the following statement.

1. Any segment of the population has the right to preserve
   its own language, script, or culture (Article 29).
2. All minorities must have the right to create and run
   their own educational institutions (Article 30).

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17. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The Indian Constitution establishes universal adult
   franchise as the foundation for all elections.
2. Every citizen over the age of eighteen has the right
   to vote, regardless of caste, ethnicity, religion, sex, literacy,
   or money.

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18. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The Indian Constitution is federal, with a dual
   polity in view (Centre and states).
2. The Indian Constitution only recognises one type
   of citizenship, namely Indian citizenship.

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19. Take a look at the following statement.

1. War, external aggression, or armed revolt have
   triggered a national emergency (Article 356).
2. State of emergency (Presidential Rule) as a result
   of the states’ constitutional machinery failing (Article 360).
3. Financial emergency due to a threat to India’s
   financial stability or credit (Article 352).

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20. Take a look at the following statement.

1. The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 granted
   co-operative societies constitutional standing and protection.
2. Article 19 established the right to form cooperative
   groups as a basic human right .

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21. Take a look at the following statement.
Said a member of the Constituent Assembly:
“I should, however, like to say that the draft of
the articles that have been brought before the House by Dr.
B R Ambedkar seems to my mind to be far too ponderous
like the ponderous tomes of a law manual.
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